What can be learned from wild populations of pests to better manage resistances in the fields?

Document type :

Communication dans un congrès avec actes: Autre communication scientifique (congrès sans actes - poster - séminaire...)

Title :

What can be learned from wild populations of pests to better manage resistances in the fields?

Author(s) :

Gracianne, Cécile [Auteur]
Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes [IGEPP]
Jan, Pierre-Loup [Auteur]
Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes [IGEPP]
Arnaud, Jean-Francois [Auteur]

Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 [Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)]
Fournet, Sylvain [Auteur]
Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes [IGEPP]
Petit, Eric [Auteur]
Écologie et santé des écosystèmes [ESE]

Conference title :

Joint 2014 annual meeting British Ecological Society and Société Française d’Ecologie

City :

Lille

Country :

France

Start date of the conference :

2014-12-09

Book title :

BES-SFE Joint Annual Meeting

Journal title :

BES-SFE Joint Annual Meeting

Publication date :

2014

HAL domain(s) :

Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

English abstract : [en]

Following the ban of pesticide treatments, resistant varieties have emerged as one of the best environmental-friendly methods to control populations of parasitic nematodes. However, as host resistances exert strong selective ...
Show more >Following the ban of pesticide treatments, resistant varieties have emerged as one of the best environmental-friendly methods to control populations of parasitic nematodes. However, as host resistances exert strong selective pressures on parasites populations, they are likely to be overcome more or less rapidly, according to the effective sizes of parasite populations and to the level of gene flow among them. In agricultural landscapes, gene flow is mainly the result of human activities. Hence, to better manage these pests in agricultural fields, these two parameters should be evaluated in non-disturbed wild populations. The cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is growing both on cultivated beet, in the fields, and on its wild relative, the sea beet. To characterize effective sizes and levels of gene flow in the wild, we assessed the temporal variation of allele frequencies at microsatellite loci from two successive samples taken one year apart on individual plants from different beaches. According to the environmental conditions of the studied areas, the number of generations produced by Heterodera schachtii between the two samplings was estimated as ranging from 4 to 10. Patterns of genetic diversity observed were incompatible with the occurrence of efficient gene flow, even between neighboring host plants, which resulted in low effective population sizes with respect to the actual number of individuals found in each rhizosphere of host plants. These low effective population sizes and the inability of the parasite to actively disperse over large distances suggested very limited possibilities to overcome resistances, provided that the passive transport of cysts by agricultural machinery, and by spreading sludge processing from sugar factories, are themselves limited.Show less >

Language :

Anglais

Peer reviewed article :

Oui

Audience :

Non spécifiée

Popular science :

Non

Comment :

Session 2: Agricultural Ecology Pests and Pesticides

Collections :

Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo Eco Paleo) - UMR 8198

Source :

Harvested from HAL